Writer: Nuttawut Kulkaew

Editor: Wittaya Wonglor

When we think of big cities, we likely imagine tall building and sea reclamation. Another interesting possibility could be living underground.

Global urbanization faces a major crisis by 2050, when 75% of the global population will be in cities. More than 6.6 million people may die each year air pollution. Global temperatures may also rise by over 2°C, with huge impacts. So we need places that can protect us.

Living ​​underground isn’t new. Weapons and other crucial items have long been stored below the ground. Today there are underground residences and hotels, for design, aesthetic, and cost reasons. Underground constructions can cut electricity consumption by 80-95%. But not every area is suitable. Challenges to address include food security.

Many countries are interested in underground cities, such as Russia, China, Japan, Norway, the Netherlands, France, and Italy. But developers must tackle high temperatures, damp, and lack of ventilation. Harmful microorganisms and fungi can flourish in these conditions. The lack of natural light and risks from gas, smoke, and pipeline leaks must also be considered. Radon and other radioactive substances could affect the comfort, safety, and physical and mental health of inhabitants of the underground city.

Many new technologies are needed for underground lifestyles. It might be better to solve the problems of terrestrial cities.

Implications for the future:

- Technology related to food security and renewable energy will gain more attention to meet changing lifestyle needs for life under the ground and sea or in space.

- A more rigorous review of sewage and radioactive waste management practices is needed before researching life underground further.

Reference:

- https://www.wsp.com/en-GL/insights/developing-underground-space-a-view-from-singapore

- https://www.livescience.com/christians-hid-from-romans-in-underground-city

- https://allthatsinteresting.com/midyat-underground-city

- https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020409

- https://www.thenatureofcities.com/2017/01/22/future-cities-live-underground-thats-not-pile-schist/

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